Understanding Trademark Law Through the Lens of Halloween: A Spooky Guide

Halloween, with its pumpkins, costumes, and haunted houses, is one of the most exciting and creative times of the year. But behind the spooky masks and candy bowls lies a complex world of Intellectual Property Law, especially trademarks, which many businesses need to navigate carefully during the season.

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LexDellmeier is thrilled and proud to announce that our firm is the winner of the Finance Monthly Law Award 2011 in the category "Trade Marks Law Firm of the Year in Germany". Just a couple of days ago we were informed by Finance Monthly, a leading magazine for chief executive officers, chief financial officers, corporate tax directors, investment professionals, lawyers, professional advisors, government organisations and academics.
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For the first time a German court had to decide on the question if the use of the Facebook “Like” button on an internet sales page complied with the rules against unfair competition, if the button was placed without indicating that data of logged-in Facebook users would be transmitted to Facebook. The decision by the Regional Court of Berlin dated 14 March 2011 meanwhile published in German is of great interest with respect to the question of infringement of (German) unfair competition laws.
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For decades  Germans have been watching "Tatort" (in English "Crime Scene") on Sunday evenings. It is a famous crime series in which each episode shows a different crime movie of about 90 minutes. „Tatort“ is created by several different directors, and every one of them has created his own detective with his own personal work and lifestyle in one of Germany’s cities (similar to the much younger US series "CSI").  The „Tatort“ series has brought forward the talent of many directors and the G erman audience loved the various detectives and with which the different actors were associated with. Fact is, that  „Tatort“ has entertained many generations in Germany - watching detectives appearing, aging and retiring with the years.
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The German Federal Patent Court (Bundespatentgericht - BPatG) has confirmed the cancellation of the trademark „Neuschwanstein“. The trademark “Neuschwanstein” had been registered for a wide range of goods and services but after a cancellation request because of its lack of distinctiveness according to § 8 II No. 1 German Trademark Act (GTA), the German Patent and Trademark Office (GPTO) had cancelled it. Upon the appeal the German Federal Patent Court had confirmed the missing distinctiveness for the following reasons: The expression “Neuschwanstein” is the name of the world famous castle and tourist attraction in Bavaria, that was originally built for King Ludwig I and that has reached an outstanding cultural and historical importance and recognition.
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Just a few days before Europe headed into the 2010 Christmas break the General Court released a range of decisions that had a very festive topic as if the Court had scheduled it right on time to get into the right Christmas mood. The Court dealt with the question whether the three-dimensional form of a chocolate object and/or its wrapping was suitable to be registered as a Community Trademark. In this specific case, the decisions dealt with a particular shape of a sitting chocolate Easter Bunny (Case No. T-395/08), the same bunny but in a golden wrapping and a red pleated ribbon with a bell around its neck (Case No. T-336/08), a reindeer, also in a golden wrapping with the same red ribbon and bell around its neck (Case No. T-337/08) and finally the red pleated ribbon with the bell itself (Case No. T-346/08).
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If you are interested in obtaining a trademark or a design you surely have visited the websites of the relevant offices like GPTO (DPMA), OHIM or WIPO and you will have discovered that they provide a useful guidance and all necessary forms you need for registering your trademark or your design. So why should you spend money hiring an IP-lawyer? Why shouldn’t you do it all by yourself, you might ask yourself. It’s true you can do it all by yourself. Most offices do not require that you are represented by a lawyer. But registering trademarks and designs by yourself bears a great risk that can most probably make the registration an extremely expensive adventure that might not even end with obtaining the trademark or the design. Here are four reasons why hiring us as your IP-lawyers is a good investment:
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© is an abbreviation of copyright but in Germany the designation of a work with this sign is not necessary as the copyright automatically is obtained with the creation of the work.
However it is very advisable to designate publications in the internet.Concerning the designation, the © should be accompanied with the name of the person holding the rights, the number of the year of the first time publication as well as the sentence: „All rights reserved“.
Instead of the ©, there might be a reference to §§ 53, 54 UrhG, which regulate the admissibility of replication and the duty of compensation, and to § 106 UrhG, regulating the criminal liability of unauthorized use.
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The protection begins with the creation of the work, lasting throughout its creator´s lifetime and being upheld for further 70 years after his death (as the right of his legal heirs). Concerning anonymous works, the protection ends 70 years after their publication.
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The creators of works of literature, science and art receive protection for their works through the German Copyright Law  (Urheberrechtsgesetz).
Works can be:
  1. Lingual works as writings, speeches, computer programs
  2. Works of music
  3. Pantomimical works and dance art
  4. Fine arts, including architecture and applied art, as well as there outlines
  5. Photographical works, including similarly constructed works
  6. Film works including similarly developed  works
  7. Scientific and technical representations e.g. drawings, plans, maps, outlines, etc.
The copyright comes into existance with the creation of the work, not depending on its publication. An unpublished manuscript contains the same copyright protection as a painting exhibited in a museum. In contrast to trademarks, designs and patents, the copyright does not have to be registered and no fees.
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There are two possibilities: -    Application and registration at the GPTO (DPMA)/ OHIM / WIPO (so called Registered Designs). After application and registration, the design provides protection for 5 years, at first. Afterwards, the protection can be maintained, up to a maximum term of 25 years, by paying the obligatory extension fees every 5 years. -  No registration, but commencement of use. The right automatically emerges with its publication (meaning: an exhibition, offering it for sale, a press release) EU-wide, with a term of protection of 3 years (so called Non-Registered Design). Read why you need us to help you with the registration of a design.